Sinop Müzesi’nden Bir Grup Roma Amphorası Üzerinden MÖ 1. Yüzyıl - MS 7. Yüzyıl Arası Karadeniz Ticaretine Genel Bir Bakış
Billur TEKKÖK-KARAÖZ - Babür Mehmet AKARSU - Deniz TAMER - Ebru TAMER
Öz
Bu makale Sinop Müzesi’nde bulunan Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne ait ithal amphoraların tipolojik çalışması ile Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki ticari hareketin amphora dağılımı üzerinden değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Denizden ya da temel sondaj kazılarından bulunmuş olup Sinop Müzesi’ne satın alma yoluyla kazandırılan Roma Dönemi’ne ait 35 adet ithal ticari amphora, Karadeniz kıyılarının ticari potansiyelinin ve bu potansiyelin kronolojik açıdan öneminin göstergesidir. Karadeniz kıyılarının antik dönemdeki ticari hareketliliğinin ve deniz ticaret rotasının, makale kapsamında incelenen amphora buluntuları yoluyla izlenebilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Türkiye müzelerinde yer alan amphoraların bilim dünyasına sunulması, bölgelerin ekonomik tarihi açısından oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Bilimsel kazılar dışında bulunmuş olan bu eserler Akdeniz-Karadeniz-Ege-Doğu Akdeniz ticareti bağlamında Anadolu Yarımadası’nın rolünü değerlendirmek açısından oldukça önemlidir. Çalışma kapsamında Brindisi, Sicilya Boru Tipi (Scilian Tubular), Dressel 1, Lamboglia II, Havuç Formlu, Dressel 2-4, Geç Rhodos, Dressel 24 similis, Kapitän II, Zemer 41, Augst 46, Geç Roma 1 (LRA 1), Geç Roma 2 (LRA 2) ve Geç Roma 4 (LRA 4) amphoraları incelenmiştir. Roma İmparatorluk sınırlarının Levant Bölgesi’ne ulaşması ile birlikte Doğu Akdeniz dünyasında görülen değişimin Karadeniz Bölgesi’ne de yansıması, Akdeniz Bölgesi ile olan sıkı ticari bağların bir sonucudur. Ayrıca Roma hâkimiyetiyle birlikte birçok yeni şehrin ve var olan şehirlerde ise sivil ya da askeri koloninin kurulması, Roma amphora tiplerinin Karadeniz’de görülmesiyle yakından ilişkilidir. Antik Sinope’nin MÖ 8. yüzyıldan itibaren aktif bir deniz rotası üzerinde yer aldığı bilinmektedir. Makale kapsamında değerlendirilen amphoralar ile kentin Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde de bu önemini devam ettirdiği görülmektedir.
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Tekkök Karaöz, B., B.M. Akarsu, D. Tamer ve E. Tamer 2024. “Sinop Müzesi’nden Bir Grup Roma Amphorası Üzerinden MÖ 1. Yüzyıl - MS 7. Yüzyıl Arası Karadeniz Ticaretine Genel Bir Bakış.” Arkhaia Anatolika 7: 47-90. https://doi.org/10.32949/Arkhaia.2024.65